Introduction to Cancer Metastasis

Part I. Cancer Metastasis From Primary Organs

Chapter 1. Cancer Metastasis: An Introduction

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Disruption of Cell Adhesion: Initiation of Metastasis
• 3. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Metastasis
• 4. EMT in Cancer Metastasis
• 5. Organ-Specific Metastasis
• 6. microRNAs and Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Metastasis
• 7. Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 2. Breast Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Biology
• 3. Metastatic Dissemination
• 4. Prognostic Factors After Recurrence
• 5. Treatment for Metastatic Breast Cancer
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 3. Prostate Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Epidemiology and Overview of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
• 2. Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer Metastases
• 3. The Metastatic Cascade
• 4. Conclusions

Chapter 4. Lung Cancer Metastasis

• 1. General Information
• 2. Mechanism of Metastasis
• 3. Molecular Mechanism in the Regulation of Lung Cancer Metastasis
• 4. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer
• 5. Cancer Stem Cells
• 6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 5. Cervical Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Risk Factors
• 3. Pathogenesis
• 4. Histopathology
• 5. Routes of Dissemination
• 6. Major Molecular Factors
• 7. Conclusion

Chapter 6. Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Molecular Aspects of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
• 3. Main Sites of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
• 4. Therapeutic Options for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
• 5. Challenges and Probable Solutions
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 7. Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Current State and Future Directions

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
• 3. Molecular Mechanisms Driving Metastasis
• 4. In Vivo Experimental Models
• 5. Open Question: Onset and Dynamics of Metastases
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 8. Gastric Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Epidemiology and Screening Programs
• 2. Metastatic GC—Clinical Aspects
• 3. Diagnosis of Metastatic GC With a Particular Focus on 18-F-FDG PET/CT
• 4. Prognostic and Predictive Factors
• 5. Biomarkers
• 6. Treatment Methods of Metastatic GC
• 7. Conclusion

Chapter 9. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metastatic Disease

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology
• 3. Diagnosis
• 4. Prognosis and Staging
• 5. Treatment
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 10. Metastatic Bladder Cancer

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology
• 3. Staging
• 4. Grading
• 5. Staging Tools
• 6. Emerging Biomarkers
• 7. Prognostic Factors
• 8. Clinical Presentation of Metastatic Bladder Disease
• 9. Management of Clinically Localized Bladder Cancer, Positive Pelvic Nodes and Metastatic Disease
• 10. Clinical Prognosticators
• 11. Management of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
• 12. New Agents
• 13. Immunotherapy
• 14. Role of Surgery in Metastatic Bladder Cancer
• 15. Conclusions

Chapter 11. Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Defining the High-Risk Variant
• 3. Staging Systems
• 4. Treating High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• 5. Sentinel Node Biopsy
• 6. Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• 7. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 12. Osteosarcoma Metastasis—Prognostic Factors and Treatment Strategies

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Clinical Features of Metastasis From Osteosarcoma
• 3. Treatment for Metastasis From Osteosarcoma
• 4. Conclusion

Part II. Cancer Metastasis To Distant Organs

Chapter 13. Lymph Node Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. History
• 3. Mechanisms—How Tumors Metastasize to Lymph Nodes
• 4. Clinical Aspects of Lymph Node Metastasis
• 5. Pathology
• 6. Conclusions & Summary

Chapter 14. Molecular Involvement of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Bone Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Types of Bone Metastasis
• 3. Pathophysiology of Bone Metastasis
• 4. Treatment Options for Bone Metastasis
• 5. Discussion/Conclusion

Chapter 15. An Overview on Hepatic Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Hepatic Physiology and Cancer Biology
• 3. Hepatic Functional and Surgical Anatomy
• 4. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
• 5. Treatment of Hepatic Metastases
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 16. Pulmonary Metastasis

• 1. Development of Pulmonary Metastases
• 2. Rationale for Local Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases
• 3. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Metastases
• 4. Preoperative Exams
• 5. Surgical Resection
• 6. Radiological Ablation
• 7. Radiotherapy
• 8. Lymph Node Involvement
• 9. Resection of Recurrent Metastases
• 10. Lung Metastasis in Given Tumor Types
• 11. Conclusion

Chapter 17. Brain Metastasis: Basic Biology, Clinical Management, and Insight From Experimental Model Systems

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Biology
• 3. Clinical Management
• 4. Experimental Model Systems
• 5. Preclinical Findings
• 6. Conclusion

Part III. Emerging Targets for Cancer Metastasis

Chapter 18. Developmental Pathways: Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Prometastatic Changes and Developmental Pathways
• 3. Notch Signaling and Metastasis
• 4. Antimetastatic Potential of Wnt and Hedgehog Targeting
• 5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 19. Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis: From the Perspective of Embryo Implantation

• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Similarity Between Embryo Implantation and Tumor Metastasis
• 3. Trophoblast Invasion Inhibitory Factors Derived From the Maternal Endometrium During Embryo Implantation and Their Implications in Cancer Metastasis
• 4. Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 20. Wnt Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Metastasis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Wnt Signaling and Cancer
• 3. The Role of Wnt Signaling in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells
• 4. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Wnt Signaling
• 5. Protein Knockdown Strategies
• 6. Viral-Based Therapies
• 7. Conclusion